Genetic testing

When someone undergoes genetic testing, a tissue or cell sample is evaluated to see if genetic changes associated with a disease or an increased risk of developing a disease are present. For example, mutations (changes) in genes that are known to increase the risk of developing breast cancer can be detected through genetic testing. If any of these mutations are identified, this information can be used to prevent, diagnose, and treat cancer. Genetic testing has limitations, however, because the presence of a mutation does not mean the person will definitely develop the disease in question. If you’re considering genetic testing, it’s important to first discuss the pros and cons of doing so with a geneticist or genetic counselor.